"There is no culture of communication, as there is no culture without communication"
The personal and collective identity is (re) built moment by moment in communication and interpersonal relationship.
At the heart of a culture are placed values. The values \u200b\u200bare the expression of the desirability at some level, but they also constitute beliefs that refer to desirable goals and the conduct appropriate to their achievement.
The study of the cultural dimensions of values \u200b\u200bhas led to the development of different types. We present a typology consisting of three fundamental axes:
1 - Conservatism-autonomy : in cultures based on the conservadurismo 'Everyone is treated as part of a privileged community and are the values \u200b\u200bof social order and solidarity, respect for tradition and self-regulation. By contrast in cultures based on the autonomy the person is considered as a separate entity who finds meaning in its uniqueness and exclusivity.
2 - Hierarchy-alike: in cultures with high hierarchy people are educated and punished to conform to the requirements and standards of their role and unequal distribution of power and resources is considered legitimate. By contrast, in cultures with high equality individuals, considered equal in their rights and duties, are socializzatti towards voluntary cooperation with others and to overcome their selfish interests.
3 - mastery-harmony: in cultures with high mastery, people actively seek to manage and change the physical and social world and are oriented to the values \u200b\u200bof the affirmation of self. In contrast, cultures with high harmony accept the world as it is and underline the sense of unity with the environment and nature.
On the basis of this size shows a significant difference between western cultures (High values \u200b\u200bon Autonomy and Equality, Hierarchy and Conservatism in bass) and eastern (the situation reversed).
This type shows us that there are differences between the communication styles of different cultures :
1 - Communication low contextualization: Western cultures.
- is characterized by the adoption of a code, a direct mode and a precise formulation of statements.
- is an open community, which does little reliance on contextual information and that the other party tries to provide all the necessary knowledge to understand the message.
- Silence is a space to fill, and its presence can embarrass
- individualistic cultures, willing to talk, have a greater adherence to forms of communication at low contextualization trying to achieve clarity and effectiveness, with the aim of getting affection, satisfaction and sense of belonging.
2 - Communication High contextualization: Eastern cultures.
- is qualified by an indirect style and an implicit way, often vague, in which the speaker takes for granted that ' party already knows the situation and intent.
- relies heavily on additional information from the context, it is rather brief, leaving the other party the freedom of speech in understanding the act.
- Silence has a definite value to indicate communicative confidence, discretion social protection challenge and embarrassment.
- collectivist cultures pay more attention to the behavior and social status of the other, more careful to avoid bumping into other people's feelings and to impose their point of view.
